Education in the Maldives has undergone significant changes over the centuries, transforming from a traditional system focused on religious and cultural learning to a more formalized, globalized approach. The early educational practices in the Maldives were primarily centered around religious teachings and the development of literacy in the native language, Dhivehi, and Arabic.
Traditional Education: Kiyavaages and Makthabs
In the early days, children received their education in informal settings known as Kiyavaages and Makthabs. These institutions primarily focused on teaching basic Arabic and Dhivehi, the official language of the Maldives, alongside the recitation of the Quran. These religious and cultural teachings formed the backbone of the Maldivian education system for centuries, with an emphasis on religious instruction.
Transition to Madhrasas
As time passed, the educational institutions evolved into Madhrasas, which broadened the curriculum beyond religious studies. These schools started to introduce additional subjects, although the teaching of Quranic studies remained central. Despite these advancements, education was not yet universally accessible, and it was not compulsory.
The British Influence and the Rise of Modern Education
The most significant transformation in Maldivian education came with the adoption of the British education system. This shift began in the mid-20th century, leading to the establishment of formal primary and secondary schools throughout the country. As a result, education in the Maldives became more structured and standardized.
Today, the Maldives follows a system of education heavily influenced by British models. Primary education lasts for five years, starting at the age of seven, and secondary education also spans five years, beginning at age twelve. Upon completion of secondary education, students take the London General Certificate of Education (GCE) ‘O’ Level exams, which serve as the benchmark for further academic pursuits.
Higher secondary education is available in Male’, the capital city, where students prepare for the GCE ‘A’ Level exams. This enables them to pursue higher education opportunities, either in the Maldives or abroad.
Widening Access to Education: Expansion Beyond Male’
Historically, education in the Maldives was concentrated in Male’, but in recent decades, the government has made significant efforts to expand educational opportunities nationwide. The establishment of Atoll schools across the country has ensured that children from even the most remote islands can access education. This decentralization has been key to improving literacy rates and ensuring that the benefits of education are more evenly distributed.
The Current State of Education
The Maldives is proud of its high literacy rate, which stands at an impressive 98%, one of the highest in the world. The country's educational standards are among the best in the region, with a strong focus on both academic and vocational training. The government continues to invest heavily in education, with significant resources dedicated to improving the quality of secondary education, vocational training, and higher secondary institutions.
However, despite these advancements, the Maldives faces challenges in offering local university education. There are no traditional universities in the country, so many students travel abroad to pursue higher education. To address this gap, the government has made efforts to establish alternative higher education institutions. The Maldives National University (MNU) and the Maldives College of Higher Education (MCHE) were founded to offer degree programs, diplomas, and vocational courses within the country.
Future Directions: Embracing Technology and Innovation
In recent years, the Maldives has also started to embrace modern technological advancements in education. The government has made strides in integrating digital tools and online learning into schools, aiming to prepare students for a globalized world. These initiatives are particularly important for the country's remote islands, where access to traditional education can be limited.
Vocational education has become a priority, with various programs designed to equip students with practical skills that are directly applicable to the workforce. This focus on skills-based education aims to reduce the reliance on overseas workers and provide Maldivians with the tools to contribute to the local economy.
Conclusion
Education in the Maldives has evolved from its religious roots in Kiyavaages and Makthabs to a more formalized, modern system. The expansion of educational access across the islands and the continued investment in higher education reflect the country's commitment to providing quality education for all. While challenges remain, particularly in terms of local higher education opportunities, the Maldives continues to make significant progress in shaping an education system that meets the needs of its growing population and a changing global landscape.
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